Gripen Engine: Specs & History

What engine does Ripen use?

Which engine powers a Ripen depends on the variant. The older C and D models use the Volvo RM12 turbofan, while the newer E and F fighters are fitted with the U.S.-made General Electric F414G. On the Ripen E, this engine is designated the F414-GE-39E (also known as the RM16) and delivers the thrust needed for modern combat.

Ripen engine history and evolution

Ripen’s propulsion has changed over time to keep up with air force requirements. Early models flew with the RM12 turbofan, chosen for its reliability and high availability. As SAAB’s designs grew heavier and more capable, the older engine was no longer enough, so the GE F414G was adopted for newer variants. The F414-GE-39E has also found its way into other programs: the X-59 experimental aircraft uses a propulsion system based directly on that design.

Ripen engine specifications

The Volvo RM12 was built specifically for single-engine reliability in demanding conditions. The GE F414G is an after burning turbofan that delivers noticeably better acceleration. The Ripen E uses the RM16 designation for a meaningful thrust increase over earlier variants, and older fleets are being brought closer to that standard through the RM12EP upgrade.

Ripen E engine changes explained

The JAS 39 Ripen E is a significant step up from the Ripen C. It has a larger wingspan and a heavier airframe, so it needs more power. The GE F414-GE-39E covers that gap while keeping the aircraft maneuverable. The engine was also designed with maintenance in mind, which helps sustain the high availability rates the Ripen is known for.

What is RM12EP on Ripen C/D?

GKN Aerospace developed the RM12EP (Enhanced Performance) upgrade to keep the Ripen C/D fleet competitive. It modifies the existing Volvo RM12 turbofan to improve both thrust and fuel efficiency. The result is that older airframes remain effective in current operational roles without requiring a full engine replacement.

Ripen engine updates in 2025

The first production Ripen E, fitted with the F414-GE-39E, is scheduled for delivery to the F7 Seaborg Wing of the Swedish Air Force in October 2025. For the legacy fleet, the RM12EP upgrade is expected to keep Ripen C/D aircraft in active service through the mid to late 2030s. The modular nature of the propulsion system also means future upgrades can be incorporated as new technology becomes available.

How the Ripen engine supply chain works

Because newer Ripen variants use a U.S.-made engine, international protocols govern the logistics. Export licensing requires valid permits, approved parts, and maintenance carried out by qualified personnel. In practice, the multinational cooperation built into the program means replacement components arrive without significant delays.

How Ripen engine performance compares

The Ripen reaches a top speed of Mach 2 and an operational ceiling of 15,240 meters. Its engine gives the aircraft the flexibility to switch between air-to-air and strike roles within the same sortie. Fuel efficiency also plays a role here, helping maintain high sortie rates across a range of mission types.

Why Ripen engine choice supports operations

The engine was designed with dispersed, forward operations in mind. The Ripen can take off and land on 500-meter highway strips, and a small ground crew can fully refuel and rearm the aircraft in just 15 minutes. That kind of turnaround matters during sustained combat operations, and the engine’s accessibility is a big part of what makes it possible.